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Held by 243 of 2,417 reporting institutions (96th percentile) — extremely crowded.
Data as of Q3 2026
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What the company returns to shareholders — and whether it's covered by cash.
The dividend is comfortably covered — only 3% of free cash flow, leaving room to grow it and fund buybacks. Last year: $31.8M dividends + $1.02B buybacks = $1.05B returned on $1.22B FCF.
1 consecutive years of dividend increases · 42%/yr.
Yields use the latest fiscal-year dividends/buybacks over current market cap. Dividends and buybacks from the SEC cash-flow statement; payout coverage vs net income and free cash flow. Educational — not a recommendation.
How management deployed cash over 10 years — and what it earned on reinvestment.
A reinvestment story — most cash went back into growth rather than to shareholders.
Reinvestment has been productive — operating income grew well per dollar put in. Current ROIC on all capital: 4%. Rough measure (includes maintenance capex).
Cash uses aggregated from the SEC cash-flow statement over 10 fiscal years. "Return on reinvestment" is a rough proxy — operating-income change ÷ cumulative CapEx + M&A — and includes maintenance capex. Educational — not a recommendation.
How much the company owes, how it's trended, and how comfortably it's serviced.
Cash of $1.25B covers the $1.4M due within a year 892.0× over. Scheduled principal only (excludes interest & revolver draws). As of 2025-12-31 (10-K).
Green ≤ 1.5× · amber ≤ 3× · red > 3× (leverage relative to cash earnings).
Coverage is adequate but not comfortable. Effective rate ~5.3% on $4.78B of debt.
Cash of $1.25B fully covers short-term debt of $1.4M.
Mostly short-term debt (balance-sheet current vs non-current split). See the maturity ladder above for the year-by-year repayment schedule.
Debt, cash, interest and equity from the SEC balance sheet & income statement. Effective rate = interest ÷ average debt. Maturity ladder from the SEC long-term-debt repayment schedule. Educational — not a recommendation.
Total shares institutions bought (green) vs sold (red) each quarter across all holders.
Inferred from quarter-over-quarter change in each fund's 13F position (new stakes count as buys, exits as sells). Not tick-level trades.
Solve the discounted cash flow backwards, then stress-test the assumptions.
Average free cash flow across the last 3 positive fiscal years (FY2023, FY2024, FY2025). Smooths the cycle. Stock compensation is NOT charged — it is added back inside operating cash flow.
To be worth $80.05 today, the market must believe free cash flow compounds 11.4%/yr for a decade (off $1.25B on the 3-yr avg basis).
On the basis ($1.19B) the requirement is 12.0%/yr. Shares issued to employees are added back in operating cash flow, so this basis treats them as free.
The market's 11.4% is more conservative than its 9-yr track record.
Default is 9.7% — this company's computed cost of capital (computed WACC), the same rate the Analysis tab discounts at.
2-stage DCF · 0.39B shares (market data) · net debt $3.54B
mean 65.0% · volatility σ 93% · implied rate exceeded in 3/6 yrs
Central path = implied 11.4%/yr growth; shaded band = ±1σ (93%) of this company's historical FCF volatility, widening with time. The wider the band, the less certain the growth.
Reverse DCF: rather than guessing a fair value, we solve for the growth the current price implies, then you stress-test the assumptions. Enterprise value of the FCF stream, less net debt, ÷ shares. Educational — not a recommendation.
Ranked against 26 sector peers with collected financials. Valuation from latest close × latest fiscal-year fundamentals; 13F conviction as of 2026-09-30.
Percentile is “goodness” within the peer set (100 = best). For valuation and leverage that means cheaper / less-levered ranks higher.
| Company | Mkt cap ▼ | P/E | EV/EBITDA | P/S | Rev gr | Gross | Net | ROE | ROIC | Net D/EBITDA | 13F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITW | $80.1B | 26.8× | 19.5× | 5.0× | 0.9% | 52.9% | 19.1% | 95.0% | 25.1% | 1.8× | 665 |
| IR | $31.0B | 55.2× | 20.9× | 4.1× | 5.7% | 43.6% | 7.6% | 5.8% | 3.9% | 2.1× | 243 |
| XYL | $20.8B | 23.1× | 11.8× | 2.3× | 5.5% | 38.5% | 10.6% | 8.3% | 7.1% | 0.3× | 285 |
| NDSN | $18.3B | 38.7× | 25.6× | 6.6× | 3.8% | 55.2% | 17.4% | 15.9% | 9.6% | 2.4× | 215 |
| ITT | $18.2B | 33.1× | 20.8× | 4.6× | 8.5% | 35.4% | 12.4% | 11.9% | 10.0% | -1.2× | 180 |
| ZBRA | $17.9B | 46.1× | 26.2× | 3.3× | 8.3% | 48.1% | 7.8% | 11.7% | 6.9% | 3.1× | 191 |
| IEX | $17.6B | 37.3× | 24.4× | 5.1× | 5.8% | 44.5% | 14.0% | 12.0% | 8.3% | 1.6× | 172 |
| HSAI | $16.3B | 30.2× | — | 37.7× | 52.1% | 41.8% | 14.4% | 4.9% | 4.5% | -3.2× | 21 |
| RBC | $15.7B | 54.5× | 35.2× | 8.4× | 14.3% | 44.4% | 15.4% | 8.6% | 6.8% | 1.8× | 131 |
| GGG | $11.0B | 22.3× | 14.2× | 4.9× | 5.8% | 52.5% | 23.3% | 19.7% | 19.7% | -0.8× | 177 |
| RRX | $10.9B | 39.0× | 18.1× | 1.8× | -1.6% | 37.4% | 4.7% | 4.1% | 2.4% | 5.1× | 131 |
| FLS | $10.2B | 30.4× | 22.3× | 2.2× | 3.8% | 33.4% | 7.3% | 15.8% | 9.2% | 1.6× | 132 |
| DCI | $9.9B | 22.1× | 15.5× | 2.5× | 5.3% | 34.6% | 11.7% | 25.7% | 14.7% | 1.5× | 163 |
| TKR | $8.0B | 27.9× | 12.3× | 1.7× | 0.2% | 30.4% | 6.3% | 9.1% | 5.7% | 2.0× | 146 |
| ZWS | $7.4B | 38.9× | 24.5× | 4.3× | 8.3% | 45.1% | 11.7% | 12.3% | 9.4% | 0.6× | 90 |
| GTES | $6.6B | 27.3× | 11.9× | 1.9× | 1.0% | 39.8% | 7.3% | 7.5% | 4.5% | 2.1× | 1 |
| ESAB | $4.6B | 20.2× | 11.4× | 1.6× | 3.7% | 36.9% | 8.0% | 10.5% | 6.7% | 2.1× | 72 |
| CECO | $3.2B | 39.9× | 25.9× | 4.1× | 38.8% | 34.8% | 6.5% | 15.8% | 9.4% | 1.4× | 60 |
| OUST | $2.3B | — | — | 13.7× | 52.5% | 49.3% | -35.6% | -23.1% | -23.1% | — | 63 |
| CHRN | $2.3B | — | 99.3× | 31.8× | 459% | -23.9% | -70.3% | -28.0% | -27.4% | -0.3× | — |
| GRC | $2.0B | 36.8× | 18.2× | 2.9× | 3.4% | 30.6% | 7.8% | 12.8% | 7.3% | 2.2× | 51 |
| GHM | $841M | 64.0× | 41.7× | 3.4× | 16.9% | 23.5% | 5.1% | 8.9% | 8.2% | 0.3× | 35 |
| TWIN | $368M | 13.6× | 12.0× | 1.0× | 11.9% | 26.9% | 7.1% | 12.3% | 10.9% | 0.4× | 14 |
| HLP | $313M | 139.7× | 103.5× | 16.0× | — | 32.5% | 9.9% | 3.4% | 2.8% | 3.1× | 1 |
| PPIH | $246M | 14.3× | 7.5× | 1.2× | 33.2% | 32.9% | 8.1% | 18.8% | 13.8% | 0.4× | 19 |
Peers = companies sharing IR's sector (General Industrial Machinery & Equipment) with collected SEC financials. Multiples use the most recent end-of-day close and latest fiscal-year fundamentals (trailing, not forward). Missing cells mean the peer never reported that line item, has no collected price, or has a non-positive denominator. Not investment advice.
Top 40 institutional holders — bubble size is position value, color is the move since last quarter. Hover any holder for detail.
Drag any bubble to rearrange · size = dollar value of the position
EOD close · as of 2026-10-30
How a revenue dollar becomes profit — FY2025
Dividends and buybacks are cash paid out, shown here against the same year's profit for scale — not funded from it. This year they exceeded net income, so the ribbons are capped at earnings and understate what was actually returned.
Each value shows its share of revenue below it (common-size).
| Line Item | FY2025 | FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 | FY2021 | FY2020 | FY2019 | FY2018 | FY2017 | FY2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $7.65B 100.0% | $7.24B 100.0% | $6.88B 100.0% | $5.92B 100.0% | $5.15B 100.0% | $3.97B 100.0% | $2.02B 100.0% | $2.69B 100.0% | $2.38B 100.0% | $1.94B 100.0% |
| Cost of Revenue | $4.31B 56.4% | $4.07B 56.2% | $3.99B 58.1% | $3.59B 60.7% | $3.16B 61.4% | $2.57B 64.6% | $1.24B 61.4% | $1.68B 62.4% | $1.48B 62.2% | $1.22B 63.0% |
| Gross Profit | $3.34B 43.6% | $3.17B 43.8% | $2.88B 41.9% | $2.33B 39.3% | $1.99B 38.6% | $1.40B 35.4% | $778.3M 38.6% | $1.01B 37.6% | $897.9M 37.8% | $716.7M 37.0% |
| Research & Development | $114.3M 1.5% | $116.6M 1.6% | $108.2M 1.6% | $91.3M 1.5% | $74.0M 1.4% | $58.0M 1.5% | $22.0M 1.1% | $24.0M 0.9% | $26.0M 1.1% | $22.0M 1.1% |
| Selling, General & Admin | $1.44B 18.8% | $1.34B 18.6% | $1.27B 18.5% | $1.10B 18.5% | $1.03B 20.0% | $789.3M 19.9% | $409.6M 20.3% | $434.6M 16.2% | $446.2M 18.8% | $415.1M 21.4% |
| Operating Income | $1.14B 15.0% | $1.30B 18.0% | $1.16B 16.9% | $817.3M 13.8% | $565.7M 11.0% | $59.6M 1.5% | $194.1M 9.6% | $443.0M 16.5% | $109.1M 4.6% | $103.5M 5.3% |
| Interest Expense | $253.9M 3.3% | $213.2M 2.9% | $156.7M 2.3% | $103.2M 1.7% | $87.7M 1.7% | $111.1M 2.8% | $88.4M 4.4% | $99.6M 3.7% | $140.7M 5.9% | $170.3M 8.8% |
| Other Income (Expense), net | $44.6M 0.6% | $48.9M 0.7% | $37.0M 0.5% | $29.2M 0.5% | $44.0M 0.9% | $8.1M 0.2% | $4.7M 0.2% | $7.2M 0.3% | $3.4M 0.1% | $3.6M 0.2% |
| Pretax Income | $935.3M 12.2% | $1.13B 15.7% | $1.03B 15.0% | $742.2M 12.5% | $513.0M 10.0% | -$45.4M -1.1% | $110.2M 5.5% | $349.5M 13.0% | -$112.7M -4.7% | -$63.2M -3.3% |
| Income Tax Expense | $219.4M 2.9% | $262.5M 3.6% | $240.0M 3.5% | $149.6M 2.5% | -$21.8M -0.4% | $11.4M 0.3% | $12.9M 0.6% | $80.1M 3.0% | -$131.2M -5.5% | -$31.9M -1.6% |
| Net Income | $581.4M 7.6% | $838.6M 11.6% | $778.7M 11.3% | $604.7M 10.2% | $562.5M 10.9% | -$33.3M -0.8% | $159.1M 7.9% | $269.4M 10.0% | $18.4M 0.8% | -$36.6M -1.9% |
| Per Share | ||||||||||
| EPS (Basic) | $1.46 | $2.08 | $1.92 | $1.49 | $1.36 | -$0.09 | $0.78 | $1.34 | $0.10 | -$0.25 |
| EPS (Diluted) | $1.45 | $2.06 | $1.90 | $1.47 | $1.34 | -$0.09 | $0.76 | $1.29 | $0.10 | -$0.25 |
| Weighted Avg Shares (Basic) | 398.1M | 403.4M | 404.8M | 405.3M | 414.8M | 382.8M | 203.5M | 201.6M | 182.2M | 149.2M |
| Weighted Avg Shares (Diluted) | 401.0M | 407.2M | 409.0M | 410.2M | 421.2M | 382.8M | 208.9M | 209.1M | 188.4M | 149.2M |
Source: SEC EDGAR XBRL filings (annual, fiscal year). Quarterly flow items are derived from cumulative filings; balance-sheet figures are as-of each period end. Ratios and margins are computed, not reported.
Total return (dividends reinvested) vs the market, from quarter-end prices.
Above 0 = ahead of the S&P 500 since the window start; below 0 = behind. Rising means it's pulling ahead.
How far the stock fell below its prior peak. Deeper, longer drawdowns = a rougher ride to the same return.
Quarter-end, dividend-adjusted (total return). Beta & volatility from quarterly returns (annualized). Benchmark is the S&P 500 (SPY total return). Annual returns compound the quarters ending in each calendar year; the first and last years in a window may be partial. Past performance doesn't predict future results.
EOD close · as of 2026-10-30
Where each multiple sits in its own 9-yr range · 61th pct blended
Dot = today · shaded = middle 50% · line = median. Lower percentile = cheaper vs its own 9-yr history.
Is the profit real, and how strong is the balance sheet?
FY2025 · every deduction from revenue to net income
DuPont — the three levers
ROE 6% against ROIC 4% — 2% of the return on equity comes from leverage and buybacks rather than from the operating business.
What the company owes vs. what it holds
This shows debt/cash structure and net leverage. The year-by-year maturity schedule is on the Debt & Leverage tab.
Latest year: profit growth vs revenue growth
Profit and sales moved in opposite directions this year.
Each line as % of revenue — the trend in color
| % of revenue | FY2018 | FY2019 | FY2020 | FY2021 | FY2022 | FY2023 | FY2024 | FY2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of Revenue | 62.4 | 61.4 | 64.6 | 61.4 | 60.7 | 58.1 | 56.2 | 56.4 |
| Gross Profit | 37.6 | 38.6 | 35.4 | 38.6 | 39.3 | 41.9 | 43.8 | 43.6 |
| R&D | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
| SG&A | 16.2 | 20.3 | 19.9 | 20.0 | 18.5 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 18.8 |
| Operating Income | 16.5 | 9.6 | 1.5 | 11.0 | 13.8 | 16.9 | 18.0 | 15.0 |
| Income Tax | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 | -0.4 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.9 |
| Net Income | 10.0 | 7.9 | -0.8 | 10.9 | 10.2 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 7.6 |
Green = margin-favorable vs the row's own range · red = unfavorable.
The metrics that matter, over time
A 30-second read on IR: price, valuation and headline fundamentals from SEC filings. The four questions at the top of the page are where the judgements live.
Last reported position per insider, carried forward. Steps can be a holding disclosed for the first time rather than a trade.
| Date | Insider | What it was | Shares | Price | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 435 | — | — |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers Senior Vice President and CFO | Option exercise | 898 | — | — |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 483 | — | — |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise |
Every row is classified by what it MEANT, not by its SEC code. A code is not a meaning: code P (“purchase”) also covers dividend reinvestment and employee stock purchase plans, and code S (“sale”) also covers 10b5-1 plan sales scheduled months earlier and option exercises sold the same day.
Across 30 days of all filings, $5.08bn of insider selling contained $3.50bn of plan sales and $0.46bn of exercise-and-sell. Only 29% was discretionary. Reading an unclassified feed badly overstates how much insiders decided.
Buys and sales are counted separately and never netted. They are different decisions by different people; a company where one officer bought while another sold is not “neutral”.
The holding line carries each insider's last reported position forward, so it shows the total held rather than a sawtooth of whoever traded that day. It covers only insiders who filed in the window.
“Filed late” counts calendar days past the two-business-day deadline with five days' grace, so a Thursday or Friday trade crossing a weekend is never flagged. It describes the company's filing discipline, not the trade.
Insider activity is descriptive. Nothing here is investment advice.
Earns -3.34pts against its cost of capital — capital is being consumed, not created.
| Period | ROIC | Cost of capital | Spread |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2019 | 4.8% | 9.7% (today's — no rate published for this year) | -4.8pts |
| FY2020 | 0.4% | 9.7% (today's — no rate published for this year) | -9.3pts |
| FY2021 | 4.4% | 6.7% | -2.3pts |
| FY2022 | 6.0% | 8.4% | -2.5pts |
| FY2023 | 8.0% | 8.6% | -0.6pts |
| FY2024 | 7.3% | 9.9% | -2.7pts |
| FY2025 | 6.3% | 9.5% | -3.2pts |
| Now | 3.9% | 9.7% | -5.7pts |
| Fiscal year | Gross margin | Operating margin | Net margin |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2016 | 37.0% | 5.3% | -1.9% |
| FY2017 | 37.8% | 4.6% | 0.8% |
| FY2018 | 37.6% | 16.5% | 10.0% |
| FY2019 | 38.6% | 9.6% | 7.9% |
| FY2020 | 35.4% | 1.5% | -0.8% |
| FY2021 | 38.6% | 11.0% | 10.9% |
| FY2022 | 39.3% | 13.8% | 10.2% |
| FY2023 | 41.9% | 16.9% | 11.3% |
| FY2024 | 43.8% | 18.0% | 11.6% |
| FY2025 | 43.6% | 15.0% | 7.6% |
Return on equity (6%) and return on invested capital (4%) are within a couple of points in FY2025, so the headline return is the operating return — there is no meaningful leverage effect to strip out.
$8.5B of goodwill — 61% of invested capital. The gap is what was paid above the fair value of what was bought; it is real capital shareholders provided, so neither bar is the whole answer. With goodwill over half the base, the ex-goodwill figure divides by a small remainder and moves sharply — read it as a direction, not a precise rate.
ROIC ex-goodwill is 16.31% against 6.3% reported — the return is earned on a capital base inflated by what was paid for acquisitions, not by the operating business alone.
Converts 1.78x of reported profit into free cash flow over 4 years, with accruals negative.
Capex has been below depreciation for 7 consecutive years (0.24x on average over the last 5). Spending less than the asset base is consuming flatters free cash flow now and defers the cost — though depreciation also covers amortisation of acquired intangibles, which capex is not meant to replace.
Covers interest 3.2x under stress — adequate, without much room.
| EBITDA decline | Interest coverage |
|---|---|
| 0% | 4.51x |
| 5% | 4.28x |
| 10% | 4.06x |
| 15% | 3.83x |
| 20% | 3.61x |
| 25% | 3.38x |
| 30% | 3.16x |
| 35% | 2.93x |
| 40% | 2.70x |
| 45% | 2.48x |
| 50% | 2.25x |
| 55% | 2.03x |
| 60% | 1.80x |
Ladder as of 2025-12-31 (10-K); cash from the 2025-12-31 balance sheet; FCF from FY2025.
Balance sheet at 2025-12-31. Undrawn revolving credit is not shown: the tag is collected but not yet mapped through to the API.
Coverage is comfortable at 4.5x today but falls to 3.2x after a 30% EBITDA decline — the cushion is earnings, not liquidity.
At $80.01, free cash flow must compound 11.5%/yr for 10 years. It has done 41.38%/yr over 4 years.
| Fiscal year | FCF growth | Price requires |
|---|---|---|
| FY2020 | 185.6% | 11.5% |
| FY2023 | 45.8% | 11.5% |
| FY2024 | −1.9% | 11.5% |
| FY2025 | −2.2% | 11.5% |
The percentile ranks the FISCAL-YEAR point, because the distribution behind each strip is built from fiscal-year closes — ranking a TTM figure inside it would compare two different bases. TTM basis: TTM (share count from the last fiscal year — the TTM window reports none).
The implied rate has been matched or beaten in 2 of the last 4 years.
| 967 |
| — |
| — |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Tax withholding | 156 | $79.33 | $12k |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Tax withholding | 189 | $79.33 | $15k |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers Senior Vice President and CFO | Tax withholding | 390 | $79.33 | $31k |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Tax withholding | 429 | $79.33 | $34k |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 483 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 967 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers Senior Vice President and CFO | Option exercise | 898 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 435 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-08-17 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 756 | — | — |
| 2026-08-17 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Tax withholding | 345 | $82.31 | $28k |
| 2026-08-17 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 756 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-08-06 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Option exercise | 130 | — | — |
| 2026-08-06 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 245 | — | — |
| 2026-08-06 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 367 | — | — |
| 2026-08-06 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Option exercise | 1,258 | — | — |
| 2026-08-06 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Tax withholding | 160 | $88.24 | $14k |
| 2026-08-06 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Option exercise | 130 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-08-06 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Tax withholding | 109 | $88.24 | $10k |
| 2026-08-06 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Option exercise | 1,258 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-08-06 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 245 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-08-06 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 367 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-08-03 | Satpathy Aurobind Director | Open-market buy | 11,538 | $86.68 | $1.0m |
| 2026-05-05 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Option exercise2d late | 1,876 | — | — |
| 2026-05-05 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Option exercise2d late | 1,876 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-04-13 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 30,492 | $10.61 | $324k |
| 2026-04-13 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | 10b5-1 plan sale | 30,492 | $88.00 | $2.7m |
| 2026-04-13 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 30,492 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-03-02 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 118,044 | $10.61 | $1.3m |
| 2026-03-02 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | 10b5-1 plan sale | 118,044 | $94.11 | $11.1m |
| 2026-03-02 | 3 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 118,044 | $0.00 | — |
| 2026-02-27 | 6 co-filers Senior Vice President and CFO | Option exercise | 1,348 | — | — |
| 2026-02-27 | 6 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 405 | — | — |
| 2026-02-27 | 6 co-filers VP, Chief Accounting Officer | Option exercise | 449 | — | — |
| 2026-02-27 | 6 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 813 | — | — |
| 2026-02-27 | 6 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 761 | — | — |
| 2026-02-27 | 6 co-filers See Remarks | Option exercise | 287 | — | — |
| Step | Amount | Running total |
|---|---|---|
| Net income | $581M | $581M |
| Share-based comp | $53M | $634M |
| Other non-cash & working capital | $721M | $1.36B |
| Operating cash flow | $1.36B | $1.36B |
| Capex | −$136M | $1.22B |
| Free cash flow | $1.22B | $1.22B |
| FCF after SBC | $1.17B | $1.17B |
| Fiscal year | Revenue growth | Receivables growth | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2020 | 96.9% | 87.7% | -9.2 points |
| FY2021 | 29.7% | 10.1% | -19.6 points |
| FY2022 | 14.8% | 18.3% | 3.5 points |
| FY2023 | 16.2% | 10.0% | -6.2 points |
| FY2024 | 5.2% | 8.2% | 3.0 points |
| FY2025 | 5.8% | 13.7% | 7.9 points |
| Fiscal year | DSO | DIO | DPO | Cash conversion cycle |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2019 | 83.1 days | 148 days | 95.1 days | 136 days |
| FY2020 | 79.2 days | 101.9 days | 76.2 days | 104.8 days |
| FY2021 | 67.2 days | 98.5 days | 77.4 days | 88.4 days |
| FY2022 | 69.2 days | 104.2 days | 79.2 days | 94.3 days |
| FY2023 | 65.5 days | 91.5 days | 73.2 days | 83.8 days |
| FY2024 | 67.4 days | 94.7 days | 75.7 days | 86.4 days |
| FY2025 | 72.4 days | 99.2 days | 84.3 days | 87.4 days |
| Fiscal year | Accruals / assets |
|---|---|
| FY2019 | -4.0 percent |
| FY2020 | -5.9 percent |
| FY2021 | not reported |
| FY2022 | not reported |
| FY2023 | -3.9 percent |
| FY2024 | -3.1 percent |
| FY2025 | -4.2 percent |
Below the line, the asset base is being consumed faster than it is replaced.
Below the line for 7 consecutive years to the latest.
Depreciation here includes amortisation of acquired intangibles — goodwill written down over time, customer lists, acquired technology. Capex does not replace those and is not meant to, so an acquisitive or asset-light company sits below 1.0 permanently and correctly. The signal is cleanest for capital-intensive businesses, where the two measure the same physical base. For that reason this informs the earnings-quality verdict but never caps it.
SBC is added back inside operating cash flow, so reported free cash flow treats shares issued to employees as free. Percent of revenue says how expensive the payroll is; percent of operating cash flow says how much of the cash exists only because the charge was added back. The buyback offset is buybacks over SBC — below 1.0 the repurchase does not cover the shares issued.
Figures are the latest fiscal year (FY2025) from the company's own filings, not a trailing-twelve-month window — Q2 reads fiscal years throughout so the cash-conversion ratios and these share one basis. A blank is a line the filer did not report; it is never read as zero.