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Held by 199 of 2,417 reporting institutions (95th percentile) — extremely crowded.
Data as of Q3 2026
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What the company returns to shareholders — and whether it's covered by cash.
The dividend is comfortably covered — only 55% of free cash flow, leaving room to grow it and fund buybacks. Last year: $306.2M dividends + $1.01B buybacks = $1.32B returned on $555.4M FCF.
9 consecutive years of dividend increases · 10%/yr.
Yields use the latest fiscal-year dividends/buybacks over current market cap. Dividends and buybacks from the SEC cash-flow statement; payout coverage vs net income and free cash flow. Educational — not a recommendation.
How management deployed cash over 10 years — and what it earned on reinvestment.
A cash-return story — far more went to shareholders than back into the business (mature, low-reinvestment).
Insufficient data. Current ROIC on all capital: 5%. Rough measure (includes maintenance capex).
Cash uses aggregated from the SEC cash-flow statement over 10 fiscal years. "Return on reinvestment" is a rough proxy — operating-income change ÷ cumulative CapEx + M&A — and includes maintenance capex. Educational — not a recommendation.
Leverage ratios is not shown for an insurer.
Funded by policyholder float, not debt. Reserve adequacy and RBC are the right questions and are not collected yet.
Classified from the filings: SIC code.
How much the company owes, how it's trended, and how comfortably it's serviced.
Cash of $158.2M covers the $0 due within a year 158200000.0× over. Scheduled principal only (excludes interest & revolver draws). As of 2025-12-31 (10-K).
Interest expense isn't separately reported — often netted into “other income (expense), net.” Effective rate ~5.5% on $3.77B of debt.
Cash of $158.2M fully covers short-term debt of $0.
Mostly long-term debt (balance-sheet current vs non-current split). See the maturity ladder above for the year-by-year repayment schedule.
Debt, cash, interest and equity from the SEC balance sheet & income statement. Effective rate = interest ÷ average debt. Maturity ladder from the SEC long-term-debt repayment schedule. Educational — not a recommendation.
EOD close · as of 2026-10-30
How a revenue dollar becomes profit — FY2025
Dividends and buybacks are cash paid out, shown here against the same year's profit for scale — not funded from it. This year they exceeded net income, so the ribbons are capped at earnings and understate what was actually returned.
Each value shows its share of revenue below it (common-size).
| Line Item | FY2025 | FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 | FY2021 | FY2020 | FY2019 | FY2018 | FY2017 | FY2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $13.08B 100.0% | $12.89B 100.0% | $12.39B 100.0% | $11.98B 100.0% | $12.01B 100.0% | $13.16B 100.0% | $12.00B 100.0% | $11.60B 100.0% | $11.29B 100.0% | $11.05B 100.0% |
| Interest Expense | $208.8M 1.6% | $201.1M 1.6% | $194.8M 1.6% | $188.5M 1.6% | $185.0M 1.5% | $188.2M 1.4% | $177.4M 1.5% | $167.3M 1.4% | $159.9M 1.4% | $166.0M 1.5% |
| Pretax Income | $933.5M 7.1% | $2.25B 17.5% | $1.64B 13.2% | $1.75B 14.6% | $1.26B 10.5% | $964.0M 7.3% | $1.38B 11.5% | $627.8M 5.4% | $1.40B 12.4% | $1.35B 12.2% |
| Income Tax Expense | $195.0M 1.5% | $472.2M 3.7% | $356.3M 2.9% | $342.8M 2.9% | $279.6M 2.3% | $171.0M 1.3% | $281.8M 2.3% | $104.4M 0.9% | $409.8M 3.6% | $416.3M 3.8% |
| Net Income | $738.5M 5.6% | $1.78B 13.8% | $1.28B 10.4% | $1.41B 11.7% | $981.0M 8.2% | $793.0M 6.0% | $1.10B 9.2% | $523.4M 4.5% | $994.2M 8.8% | $931.4M 8.4% |
| Per Share | ||||||||||
| EPS (Basic) | $4.28 | $9.49 | $6.53 | $7.01 | $4.80 | $3.89 | $5.25 | $2.38 | $4.39 | $3.96 |
| EPS (Diluted) | $4.27 | $9.46 | $6.50 | $6.96 | $4.79 | $3.89 | $5.24 | $2.38 | $4.37 | $3.95 |
| Weighted Avg Shares (Basic) | 172.5M | 187.5M | 196.7M | 200.6M | 204.2M | 203.6M | 209.7M | 219.6M | 226.5M | 235.4M |
| Weighted Avg Shares (Diluted) | 172.9M | 188.1M | 197.6M | 202.1M | 204.8M | 203.8M | 209.9M | 220.1M | 227.3M | 236.0M |
Source: SEC EDGAR XBRL filings (annual, fiscal year). Quarterly flow items are derived from cumulative filings; balance-sheet figures are as-of each period end. Ratios and margins are computed, not reported.
A reverse discounted cash flow is not shown for an insurer.
Funded by policyholder float, not debt. Reserve adequacy and RBC are the right questions and are not collected yet.
Classified from the filings: SIC code.
Ranked against 12 sector peers with collected financials. Valuation from latest close × latest fiscal-year fundamentals; 13F conviction as of 2026-09-30.
Percentile is “goodness” within the peer set (100 = best). For valuation and leverage that means cheaper / less-levered ranks higher.
| Company | Mkt cap ▼ | P/E | EV/EBITDA | P/S | Rev gr | Gross | Net | ROE | ROIC | Net D/EBITDA | 13F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNH | $365.3B | 30.8× | 21.0× | 0.8× | 11.8% | 88.7% | 2.7% | 12.0% | 6.8% | 2.7× | 1,148 |
| ELV | $91.1B | 16.7× | 15.4× | 0.5× | 12.5% | 89.4% | 2.8% | 12.9% | 7.6% | 2.9× | 482 |
| CI | $78.8B | 13.4× | 8.6× | 0.3× | 11.2% | 21.8% | 2.2% | 14.3% | 8.1% | 2.0× | 494 |
| AFL | $62.1B | 18.2× | — | 3.6× | -9.3% | — | 21.2% | 12.4% | 12.4% | — | 557 |
| HUM | $49.8B | 42.1× | 16.7× | 0.4× | 10.1% | — | 0.9% | 6.7% | 4.0% | 2.4× | 261 |
| CNC | $33.9B | — | — | 0.2× | 19.4% | 7.3% | -3.4% | -33.4% | -17.9% | — | 292 |
| PFG | $23.8B | 21.3× | — | 1.5× | -3.1% | — | 7.6% | 10.0% | 7.5% | — | 285 |
| UNM | $14.4B | 21.3× | — | 1.1× | 1.5% | — | 5.6% | 6.6% | 5.0% | — | 199 |
| MOH | $10.6B | 23.0× | 10.4× | 0.2× | 11.7% | 13.1% | 1.0% | 11.6% | 6.0% | -0.5× | 142 |
| CNO | $5.3B | 25.1× | 6.1× | 1.2× | 0.9% | — | 5.1% | 8.7% | 8.7% | 0.0× | — |
| ALHC | $1.5B | — | 27.8× | 0.4× | 46.1% | — | -0.0% | -0.4% | -0.1% | -5.6× | 48 |
| PREJF | $1.5B | — | — | 0.2× | 59.3% | 15.0% | 25.4% | 27.5% | 22.5% | — | — |
| TRUP | $1.3B | 67.0× | 43.4× | 0.9× | 11.9% | 16.1% | — | — | — | -0.9× | 37 |
Peers = companies sharing UNM's sector (Accident & Health Insurance) with collected SEC financials. Multiples use the most recent end-of-day close and latest fiscal-year fundamentals (trailing, not forward). Missing cells mean the peer never reported that line item, has no collected price, or has a non-positive denominator. Not investment advice.
Total shares institutions bought (green) vs sold (red) each quarter across all holders.
Inferred from quarter-over-quarter change in each fund's 13F position (new stakes count as buys, exits as sells). Not tick-level trades.
No trend data available for this metric.
Top 40 institutional holders — bubble size is position value, color is the move since last quarter. Hover any holder for detail.
Drag any bubble to rearrange · size = dollar value of the position
Total return (dividends reinvested) vs the market, from quarter-end prices.
Above 0 = ahead of the S&P 500 since the window start; below 0 = behind. Rising means it's pulling ahead.
How far the stock fell below its prior peak. Deeper, longer drawdowns = a rougher ride to the same return.
Quarter-end, dividend-adjusted (total return). Beta & volatility from quarterly returns (annualized). Benchmark is the S&P 500 (SPY total return). Annual returns compound the quarters ending in each calendar year; the first and last years in a window may be partial. Past performance doesn't predict future results.
Last reported position per insider, carried forward. Steps can be a holding disclosed for the first time rather than a trade.
| Date | Insider | What it was | Shares | Price | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-10 | 2 co-filers SVP, Chief Accounting Officer | Open-market sale | 2,188 | $94.31 | $206k |
| 2026-09-10 | Keaney Timothy F Director | Open-market sale | 4,300 | $94.02 | $404k |
| 2026-09-10 | 2 co-filers SVP, Chief Accounting Officer | Gift | 239 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-09-09 | Iglesias Lisa G EVP, General Counsel |
Every row is classified by what it MEANT, not by its SEC code. A code is not a meaning: code P (“purchase”) also covers dividend reinvestment and employee stock purchase plans, and code S (“sale”) also covers 10b5-1 plan sales scheduled months earlier and option exercises sold the same day.
Across 30 days of all filings, $5.08bn of insider selling contained $3.50bn of plan sales and $0.46bn of exercise-and-sell. Only 29% was discretionary. Reading an unclassified feed badly overstates how much insiders decided.
Buys and sales are counted separately and never netted. They are different decisions by different people; a company where one officer bought while another sold is not “neutral”.
The holding line carries each insider's last reported position forward, so it shows the total held rather than a sawtooth of whoever traded that day. It covers only insiders who filed in the window.
“Filed late” counts calendar days past the two-business-day deadline with five days' grace, so a Thursday or Friday trade crossing a weekend is never flagged. It describes the company's filing discipline, not the trade.
Insider activity is descriptive. Nothing here is investment advice.
| 4,000 |
| $94.44 |
| $378k |
| 2026-07-31 | Walker Andrew D EVP, Chief Cust. Ops. Officer | Tax withholding | 1,819 | $86.11 | $157k |
| 2026-05-26 | Egan Cynthia Director | Grant | 2,191 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | Cross Susan Lee Director | Grant | 2,191 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | Lefebvre Mojgan M Director | Grant | 2,191 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | King Gale V. Director | Grant | 2,191 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 2,191 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | Devore Susan D. Director | Grant | 2,191 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | Keaney Timothy F Director | Grant | 2,191 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 2,191 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 2,191 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | Matus Kristi Ann Director | Grant | 2,191 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 1,777 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 1,333 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-26 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 1,540 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-01 | Anderson Shelia Danette EVP, Chief Info & Digital Off. | Tax withholding | 1,817 | $80.84 | $147k |
| 2026-04-30 | Ahmed Elizabeth Claire EVP, People & Communications | Open-market sale | 12,000 | $80.14 | $962k |
| 2026-03-16 | Pyne Christopher W EVP, Group Benefits | Open-market sale | 4,852 | $72.47 | $352k |
| 2026-03-12 | Till Mark Paul EVP & CEO, Unum International | Gift | 1,607 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-03-09 | Iglesias Lisa G EVP, General Counsel | Open-market sale | 3,500 | $73.00 | $256k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers EVP, VB & President, Colonial | Tax withholding | 906 | $71.73 | $65k |
| 2026-03-01 | Anderson Shelia Danette EVP, Chief Info & Digital Off. | Grant | 6,430 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers SVP, Chief Accounting Officer | Tax withholding | 255 | $71.73 | $18k |
| 2026-03-01 | 5 co-filers EVP & CEO, Unum International | Tax withholding | 772 | $71.73 | $55k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers EVP, Group Benefits | Tax withholding | 1,161 | $71.73 | $83k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers EVP, Chief Financial Officer | Tax withholding | 2,430 | $71.73 | $174k |
| 2026-03-01 | 5 co-filers EVP, People & Communications | Tax withholding | 1,131 | $71.73 | $81k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers President and CEO | Tax withholding | 12,423 | $71.73 | $891k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers EVP, General Counsel | Tax withholding | 1,244 | $71.73 | $89k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers EVP, VB & President, Colonial | Tax withholding | 1,208 | $71.73 | $87k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers EVP, General Counsel | Tax withholding | 1,309 | $71.73 | $94k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers President and CEO | Tax withholding | 13,235 | $71.73 | $949k |
| 2026-03-01 | 5 co-filers EVP & CEO, Unum International | Tax withholding | 803 | $71.73 | $58k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers EVP, Chief Financial Officer | Tax withholding | 3,090 | $71.73 | $222k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers EVP, Group Benefits | Tax withholding | 1,168 | $71.73 | $84k |
| 2026-03-01 | 5 co-filers EVP, People & Communications | Tax withholding | 245 | $71.73 | $18k |
| 2026-03-01 | 4 co-filers SVP, Chief Accounting Officer | Tax withholding | 333 | $71.73 | $24k |
EOD close · as of 2026-10-30
Where each multiple sits in its own 14-yr range · 100th pct blended
Dot = today · shaded = middle 50% · line = median. Lower percentile = cheaper vs its own 14-yr history.
Is the profit real, and how strong is the balance sheet?
FY2025 · every deduction from revenue to net income
DuPont — the three levers
ROE 7% against ROIC 5% — 2% of the return on equity comes from leverage and buybacks rather than from the operating business.
What the company owes vs. what it holds
This shows debt/cash structure and net leverage. The year-by-year maturity schedule is on the Debt & Leverage tab.
Latest year: profit growth vs revenue growth
Operating leverage needs meaningful revenue change.
Each line as % of revenue — the trend in color
| % of revenue | FY2018 | FY2019 | FY2020 | FY2021 | FY2022 | FY2023 | FY2024 | FY2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income Tax | 0.9 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 1.5 |
| Net Income | 4.5 | 9.2 | 6.0 | 8.2 | 11.7 | 10.4 | 13.8 | 5.6 |
Green = margin-favorable vs the row's own range · red = unfavorable.
The metrics that matter, over time
A 30-second read on UNM: price, valuation and headline fundamentals from SEC filings. The four questions at the top of the page are where the judgements live.
No positive operating income in the last three years, so there is no return on capital to compare against its cost.
| Fiscal year | Gross margin | Operating margin | Net margin |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2016 | not reported | not reported | 8.4% |
| FY2017 | not reported | not reported | 8.8% |
| FY2018 | not reported | not reported | 4.5% |
| FY2019 | not reported | not reported | 9.2% |
| FY2020 | not reported | not reported | 6.0% |
| FY2021 | not reported | not reported | 8.2% |
| FY2022 | not reported | not reported | 11.7% |
| FY2023 | not reported | not reported | 10.4% |
| FY2024 | not reported | not reported | 13.8% |
| FY2025 | not reported | not reported | 5.6% |
Return on equity (7%) and return on invested capital (5%) are within a couple of points in FY2025, so the headline return is the operating return — there is no meaningful leverage effect to strip out.
No material counter-signal in the checked set: ROIC vs WACC spread, 5-year spread history, gross margin trend, operating margin trend, net margin against 3 years ago, revenue growth, ROIC ex-goodwill gap.
Missing from our data, so excluded from this answer: positive EBIT.
Converts 0.92x of reported profit into cash — adequate, without much margin.
Conversion has deteriorated: 0.79x over three years against 0.92x over 5.
Leverage is not measurable this way for a insurer.
Ladder as of 2025-12-31 (10-K); cash from the 2025-12-31 balance sheet; FCF from FY2025.
Balance sheet at 2025-12-31. Undrawn revolving credit is not shown: the tag is collected but not yet mapped through to the API.
Funded by policyholder float, not debt. Reserve adequacy and RBC are the right questions and are not collected yet.
Missing from our data, so excluded from this answer: capital adequacy metrics for this archetype.
At $91.14, free cash flow must compound 6.26%/yr for 10 years. It has done -14.84%/yr over 6 years, though across a reporting-basis change.
| Fiscal year | FCF growth | Price requires |
|---|---|---|
| FY2020 | −75.9% | 6.3% |
| FY2021 | 264.7% | 6.3% |
| FY2022 | 3.1% | 6.3% |
| FY2023 | −18.9% | 6.3% |
| FY2024 | 29.9% | 6.3% |
| FY2025 | −60.0% | 6.3% |
The percentile ranks the FISCAL-YEAR point, because the distribution behind each strip is built from fiscal-year closes — ranking a TTM figure inside it would compare two different bases. TTM basis: TTM (share count from the last fiscal year — the TTM window reports none).
The achieved growth rate spans a reporting-basis change in FY2021, so part of it measures the restatement rather than the business.
| Step | Amount | Running total |
|---|---|---|
| Net income | $739M | $739M |
| Share-based comp | $54M | $792M |
| Other non-cash & working capital | −$104M | $688M |
| Operating cash flow | $688M | $688M |
| Capex | −$132M | $555M |
| Free cash flow | $555M | $555M |
| FCF after SBC | $502M | $502M |
| Fiscal year | Revenue growth | Receivables growth | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2020 | 9.7% | 276.7% | 267.0 points |
| FY2021 | -8.8% | -11.9% | -3.1 points |
| FY2022 | -0.2% | -5.0% | -4.8 points |
| FY2023 | 3.4% | not reported | not reported |
| FY2024 | 4.0% | not reported | not reported |
| FY2025 | 1.5% | not reported | not reported |
| Fiscal year | DSO | DIO | DPO | Cash conversion cycle |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2019 | 0.3 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2020 | 1.1 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2021 | 1 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2022 | 1 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2023 | not reported | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2024 | not reported | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2025 | not reported | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| Fiscal year | Accruals / assets |
|---|---|
| FY2019 | -0.8 percent |
| FY2020 | 0.5 percent |
| FY2021 | -0.6 percent |
| FY2022 | -0.0 percent |
| FY2023 | 0.1 percent |
| FY2024 | 0.4 percent |
| FY2025 | 0.1 percent |
SBC is added back inside operating cash flow, so reported free cash flow treats shares issued to employees as free. Percent of revenue says how expensive the payroll is; percent of operating cash flow says how much of the cash exists only because the charge was added back. The buyback offset is buybacks over SBC — below 1.0 the repurchase does not cover the shares issued.
Figures are the latest fiscal year (FY2025) from the company's own filings, not a trailing-twelve-month window — Q2 reads fiscal years throughout so the cash-conversion ratios and these share one basis. A blank is a line the filer did not report; it is never read as zero.